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Alan Mulally, chief executive of Ford, has warned that European carmakers need to cut back further the numbers of cars they can build as excess capacity on the continent remains at dangerous levels.

福特(Ford)首席执行官艾伦•穆拉利(Alan Mulally，见右图)警告说，欧洲汽车制造商需要进一步削减他们能够生产的汽车数量，因为欧洲过剩产能仍处于危险水平。

Idle production lines and underproductive factories have plunged almost all of Europe’s big carmakers into billion-dollar losses in recent years after annual sales on the continent fell by about 4m cars between 2007 and 2013.

最近几年，闲置生产线和低产工厂令欧洲几乎所有大型汽车制造商陷入数十亿美元亏损。在此之前的2007年至2013年期间，欧洲汽车年销量减少了大约400万辆。

In an interview with the Financial Times, Mr Mulally said that the closure of a handful of European factories over the past year was not enough to bring capacity down to a sustainable level.

穆拉利在接受英国《金融时报》采访时表示，过去一年里只关掉几家欧洲工厂不足以将产能削减至可持续的水平。

Car sales fell to a two-decade low in 2013 as losses from the continent dragged down global earnings for the world’s biggest carmakers. Although sales have risen in every month so far this year, Mr Mulally cautioned that the positive growth was masking deeper problems that needed to be fixed.

2013年汽车销量跌至20年来的最低点，欧洲的亏损拖累了世界各大汽车制造商的全球盈利。尽管今年迄今销量逐月增长，但穆拉利告诫称，销量的正增长掩饰了一些需要解决的深层次问题。

“It is not enough. I think that companies need to match their production to demand,” said Mr Mulally, who will step down as chief executive on July 1. “If you do not match production to the real demand, it is going to be exacerbated on the way down, because then it all gets worse.”

今年7月1日将卸任CEO的穆拉利表示：“那是不够的。我认为企业需要根据需求安排生产。如果不能让生产与实际需求相匹配，下滑时形势将加剧恶化，因为那时一切将变得更糟。”

Car sales in Europe rose 7.4 per cent during the first four months of this year, but analysts say that heavy levels of discounting are propping up sluggish real demand in a region with tepid economic growth, high unemployment and low consumer confidence.

今年头4个月欧洲汽车销量增长了7.4%。然而分析师表示，在欧洲这个经济增长乏力、失业率高企、消费者信心低迷的地区，大幅折扣在支撑着疲软的实际需求。

Because of their high fixed costs, car factories need to be running at about 70 per cent of their designed capacity to be profitable.

由于汽车制造厂的固定成本极高，它们的实际运行规模必须达到设计产能的大约70%才能盈利。

“Is there still overcapacity? Yes. The extra factories are clearly making the industry uncompetitive in Europe,” said Stefano Aversa, managing director of consultancy AlixPartners. “For the volume manufacturers building in Europe, for Europe, utilisation is still too low, and they are suffering,” Mr Aversa added.

咨询公司AlixPartners董事总经理特凡诺•阿维萨(Stefano Aversa)表示：“目前还存在过剩产能么？答案是肯定的。额外的工厂明显降低了欧洲汽车制造业的竞争力。”他补充说：“相对于制造商正在欧洲建设的产能，利用率仍然过低，企业正因此面临困境。”

译者/简易